In 1968, Garrett Hardin presented a compelling formulation of the population problem, concluding that "a finite world can support only a finite population, hence, the optimum population is, less than the maximum.”
When a resource is held "in common," with many people having "ownership" and access to it, Hardin reasoned, a self-interested "rational" actor will decide to increase his or her exploitation of the resource since he or she receives the full benefit of the increase, but the costs are spread among all users. The devastating and tragic collective result of each person thinking this way, however, is destruction of the commons, to everyone’s ultimate detriment.
To ensure that our civil society functions properly, we must enact and enforce just laws, while changing laws deemed unjust. Failure to enforce just laws, as determined by society, leads to lawlessness and breakdown of that society.
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